Vitalik: AI may impact quantum-resistant cryptography security in the next two years, but users are not advised to rush to move assets.

October 8 — Vitalik Buterin issued a warning that AI-accelerated mathematical research could significantly weaken the practical security of lattice-based cryptography systems within the next two years, including ML-DSA, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), and related technologies, and could even cause ECDSA to face cracking risks earlier than expected. He believes AI could drive mathematical research progress equivalent to the past 50 years within two years, which is why Ethereum's Lean roadmap has gradually shifted toward pure hash-based signature schemes over the past year, reducing its reliance on lattice-based cryptography.

Regarding asset security, Vitalik recommends that, when operationally convenient, users prioritize storing funds in addresses that have not yet initiated any transactions, but does not advise users to rush to migrate assets immediately, because migration itself also carries the risk of fund loss. He also suggests that multisig wallets use off-chain signature confirmation as much as possible to avoid publicly exposing signature information.